The Nobel Prize in Economics has been awarded to Daron Acemoglu, Simon Johnson, and James A. Robinson for their significant contributions to the understanding of wealth inequality and the differences in prosperity between nations. Their research explores the relationship between societal institutions and economic success, shedding light on why some nations remain rich while others struggle with poverty. The prize acknowledges their work from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and highlights crucial insights into the role of government and institutional quality in economic development.