Russia and Iran have officially deepened their military and economic ties by signing a comprehensive 20-year strategic partnership treaty in Moscow. The agreement, struck between President Putin and Iranian President Pezeshkian, seeks to enhance cooperation in various sectors, including defense, trade, and nuclear energy. This development comes ahead of the new Trump administration, raising questions about its implications for U.S. foreign policy. Despite historical distrust, the two nations are poised to solidify their alliance, potentially countering Western sanctions. The treaty is notable as it does not include a mutual defense clause, indicating a cautious approach. Analysts suggest that this partnership could exacerbate geopolitical tensions, especially concerning the war in Ukraine and ongoing nuclear talks.