The political landscape in Syria is undergoing a significant transformation following the collapse of the Assad regime, raising critical questions about governance and international relations. With Syria’s Islamist rebels, particularly in Idlib, stepping into leadership roles, the prospect of their ability to govern remains uncertain. The West appears hesitant as it considers its response to the new leadership, while regional powers like Turkey and Qatar are exploring connections amid concerns over the emerging political order. Despite some optimism in liberal circles, apprehensions abound regarding potential authoritarianism and the legitimacy of new leaders, particularly the influence of groups like Hayat al-Sham (HTS). As the international community assesses its future engagement with Syria, the challenges ahead for the new regime are daunting, with calls for a thoughtful response from Western nations to avoid a repeat of past mistakes.