In a historic opinion, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) declared that nations are legally obligated to address climate change and may face reparations for failing to curb fossil fuel emissions. This landmark ruling represents a significant step in holding major polluters accountable for their role in climate harm. The court emphasized that climate inaction could violate international law and affirmed the rights of communities affected by climate change. The tiny Pacific nation of Vanuatu is among those turning to the ICJ as it grapples with climate disasters. The ruling is seen as a defining moment for climate justice, paving the way for potential legal actions against states that neglect their environmental duties.